FTCE Guidance and Counseling Practice Test

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• Which concept describes the dependable manner in which we satisfy our needs without interfering with the rights of others?
• Which term is an ego defense mechanism where the client takes on behavior learned from another?
• Which statement best captures existential therapy?
• Which term refers to the unconscious energy and instinctual drives including sexual energy?
• Which term describes the inauthenticity of not accepting the freedom to take responsibility for our own actions?
• Who developed the SIER Model, which outlines four stages of listening?
• Which statement best describes the stanine system?
• The basis of most theories of psychology and counseling evolves from which theory?
• Which term describes the therapist's ability to sense the client's inner world?
• Which term indicates the therapist's ability to sense the client's inner world (subjective experience)?
• Which statement best describes phenomenology in therapy?
• Which term describes the alignment between inner experiences and external expressions?
• Which practitioner is associated with Systematic Desensitization?
• Which concept describes a natural human condition that can provide inner strength and a capacity to support others in their aloneness?
• Catching oneself is the process of what?
• Which theory emphasizes development through stages in which the child moves from self-centeredness to viewing others as separate objects in relation to self?
• CBT stands for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and is linked to which proponent noted for RET?
• Psychoanalysis is associated with which theorist and focus?
• Which concept describes the internal motivation to master one's own world?
• Which concept is the discrepancy between self-concept and ideal self-concept?
• What is the primary goal of Behavior Therapy?
• What does usability refer to in testing?
• Which part of the personality contains moral standards and ideals, often internalized from parents?
• The part of the personality that mediates the unconscious instincts and the environment is called the
• Name the five stages of psychosexual development, according to the psychoanalytic theory.
• Existential Therapy focuses on loneliness, isolation, meaninglessness, freedom, and death; what does this imply about personal responsibility?
• Which term describes the practice of resisting contact by attempting to control one's environment?
• Which term is the unconscious sexual feelings of a daughter toward her father coupled with hostility toward her mother?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five layers of neurotic avoidance?
• Internal Dialogue/Inner Speech refers to which process?
• RET stresses action and practice in combating irrational and self-delusional ideas. Which therapy uses this approach?
• In Freudian theory, neurotic personality results from what?
• What does RET stand for in the context of this material?
• Which practice is defined as providing clients with general principles of how to make effective behavioral changes?
• Irrational Belief is defined as which?
• Which term refers to a technique that helps clients recognize their projections onto others?
• Which term describes teaching skills for dealing with difficult situations in direct, firm, and clear ways?
• Which statement reflects psychoanalytic theory?
• Carl Rogers is credited as the founder of which therapy?
• Which term describes a natural state that can provide inner strength and help individuals support others during their aloneness?
• What is the standard error of measurement?
• Cognitive homework is the process used to help a client learn to deal with anxiety and to challenge irrational thinking.
• Self-injury is best described as?
• Which statement best describes feedback in behavior change programs?
• What aspect of human nature did Adlerian theory emphasize?
• Behavior in Adlerian theory is motivated by what?
• Systematic Desensitization is a process that combines relaxation with imagined scenarios to reduce anxiety and is based on which conditioning principle?
• Who developed solution-focused therapy?
• Which statement best describes summative evaluation?
• Who founded Rational-Emotive Therapy?
• Adlerian therapy emphasizes which concepts?
• Unconditional Positive Regard is defined as
• Which term denotes the defense pattern that involves avoiding authentic feelings by clinging to familiar beliefs and standards?
• Empathic Understanding is defined as
• The A-B-C Model states that problems originate from the beliefs about events rather than the events themselves. Which is the best description?
• Which term best captures the therapist's genuine, authentic presence in sessions?
• Which concept emphasizes the unity and uniqueness of the individual in counseling theory?
• Which term describes a condition of emptiness and depression that results from a meaningless lifestyle?
• Which term describes the sense of strength that comes from knowing oneself and the therapist's ability to access personal power to facilitate client development?
• Cognitive errors are misconceptions and wrong assumptions on the part of the client.
• The research done in this area has studied individuals who are already in a specific field as the norm group; their personalities are compared to those wishing to enter the field.
• Which therapy is explicitly associated with using the A-B-C Model to explain emotional distress?
• Which therapy aims to reconstruct the personality rather than solve immediate problems?
• Progressive Relaxation is described as:
• Which term best describes the therapist's role as essential to establishing a relationship with the client in reality therapy?
• Genuineness in person-centered therapy involves
• Collaborative Empiricism involves which concept?
• Which term describes the distorted process of forming rigid beliefs based on a single event and applying them to subsequent events?
• Which statement best captures Social Learning Theory’s view of learning?
• Reinforcement in operant conditioning is best described as:
• Which framework describes psychosexual stages such as oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital?
• Empathic Understanding in therapy is best described as
• Which term refers to the blurring of awareness of the difference between oneself and the environment?
• What is the range of stanine scores?
• Which concept refers to the evaluation of current behaviors to determine their value?
• Which theory incorporates elements of the societal circumstance and personality theories into a classification system that observes the relationship between the interaction of individuals in the environment and their behavior?
• Avoiding traps refers to what in Adlerian therapy?
• Which statement best defines a standard score?
• The Courage to Be is best described as
• Which stage is characterized by a child’s imagination and learning to perform adult roles, with a sense of guilt if initiation of activities is not successful?
• Which term refers to unexpressed childhood feelings that prevent effective psychological functioning?
• Which technique reduces the usefulness of manipulative behavior by pointing out the manipulation?
• Which statement about logotherapy is true?
• Which therapy is characterized by a nondirective approach that emphasizes the client’s self-actualization and a trusting, empathetic relationship?
• Adlerian therapy emphasizes which of the following?
• Derived Score is defined as any score that is not a raw score, obtained from a formula using the raw score data.
• Which term is the energy of all life instincts including sexual energy?
• Which term describes the process of showing new ways to do something, often through role-playing?
• Which concept refers to the central psychological framework that guides one's lifestyle and the mistaken assumptions that underlie it?
• Which term describes a technique where individuals attempt to control their environment and may experience both negative and positive consequences?
• Compensation is an ego defense mechanism that
• Which program helps clients deal with stressful situations by changing their thinking?
• Basic mistakes are defined as what?
• Which term describes the act of becoming aware of differences between verbal and nonverbal expressions, feelings and actions, and thoughts and actions?
• The ________ model is the procedure applied in the practice of reality-therapy.
• Coping Questions are used to help the client identify what?
• Which stage emphasizes curiosity and achieving competency through accomplishments in school and neighborhood interactions?
• Which statement about Self-monitoring is accurate?
• Which concept describes the relationship between two factors?
• Which of the following is a major career counseling theory?
• Reality therapy emphasizes which of the following core principles?
• Which type of research is a logical and systematic way of answering the question 'If this is done under carefully controlled conditions, what will happen?'
• Which term refers to the acceptance of responsibility and taking control of the direction of one's life?
• Which term refers to 'pictures' of family dynamics and relationships used in some family systems approaches?
• Which statement best describes what standard deviation indicates in test score interpretation?
• Which statement best describes cognitive therapy?
• Which technique involves trying out new behavioral approaches that can be used in real life situations?
• Which concept is the end result of attaining a success identity—being able to give and receive love, having self-worth, and the strength to create a satisfying life?
• In Erikson's theory, which stage corresponds to elementary and middle school years and emphasizes developing competence through accomplishments, with possible feelings of inferiority?
• Which type of research applies results to the improvement of educational methods?
• Which attribute explains why reality therapy is popular in schools?
• What is stanine?
• Which description best fits the Coping Skills Program?
• In psychoanalytic theory, psychopathology is best described as which of the following?
• Which psychosocial stage covers birth to about 18 months and centers on developing trust when the infant's needs are consistently met?
• Which concept is defined as the acceptance of others' beliefs and standards without analyzing, assimilating and internalizing them?
• Which stage occurs during adolescence and centers on forming an identity and sense of self-worth, with exploring values and lifestyle?
• Which term is a personality disorder characterized by extreme self-love, an exaggerated sense of self-importance, and an explosive attitude toward others?
• In Person-Centered Therapy, the counselor-client relationship is considered what?
• In later life, success leads to a sense of fulfillment about one’s life; failure results in despair. Which stage is this?
• The __________ approach to personality is the basis of RET therapy: A=activating event, B=belief system, C=consequences.
• Which term describes the therapist's technique of viewing the world from the client's point of view?
• Which stage follows trust and mistrust and emphasizes developing independence, self-control, and self-feeding?
• Which therapy is brief, outcome-oriented, and centers on the client's future behavior?
• What term names the set of five layers of neurotic avoidance: the phony, the phobic, the impasse, the implosive, and the explosive?
• Which statement best describes trait-factor theories?
• Which technique is used to help clients see how they project onto others things they do not want to recognize in themselves?
• Which theorist is associated with object relations theory and the separation-individuation stages?
• Carl Jung’s theory is associated with Analytical Psychology and what concept?
• Which term refers to dealing with the present moment in the counseling process?
• Which term are feelings of despair resulting from a failure to make our own choices?
• During which stage does a child begin to develop independence and control over the environment, demonstrated by self-feeding and dressing?
• Interpersonal Therapy concentrates on improving functioning through better
• Which concept is the discrepancy between self-concept and ideal self-concept?
• The primary aim of reality therapy is to help clients
• Which therapy is associated with William Glasser?
• Which term refers to an all or nothing thinking style with no gray areas?
• Which part of the personality is responsible for morality and striving to be good?
• What is a core goal of the psychodynamic approach as it evolved from psychoanalysis?
• Which type of evaluation is used to guide program improvement during development?
• The unconscious act of pushing unacceptable or painful experiences into the unconscious is called what?
• Which term describes authenticity resulting from self-analysis and accepting who one is?
• Which term refers to speaking about a past incident as if it is happening in the present?
• Which level describes the mode in which we allow ourselves to fully experience our deadness or inauthenticity, leading to contact with our genuine self?
• Which term refers to the perceived reality of the client formulated to meet their psychological needs?
• Which type of reliability concerns the degree to which all questions measure the content?
• Reinforcement in operant conditioning refers to:
• Which term is the result of the feelings we have when we permit others to shape our lives and make our choices?
• Behavior Therapy is associated with which psychologist and what is its aim?
• Gestalt therapy emphasizes the here-and-now and contends that unfinished business from the past interferes with present functioning.
• Which term describes the process of distraction or inattention that makes it difficult to sustain contact?
• Disputational method is a technique used in RET to help clients do what?
• A relationship between two individuals that is advantageous or necessary to both is called what?
• Name the three parts of the personality as defined by Freud.
• What is meant by standardization in testing?
• Which term describes defenses developed which prevent fully experiencing the present?
• Internal Dialogue/Inner Speech is used to do what?
• Which term is most closely associated with showing examples and role-playing to demonstrate desired behaviors?
• Which concept is the desire to become competent and perfect, also known as the 'growth force'?
• Which term refers to the life work of all humans to attain a satisfying lifestyle?
• The process of redirecting sexual and other biological energies into socially acceptable and creative avenues is known as what?
• Which term describes a way of thinking that helps us attain our goals?
• In which therapy do clients explore reasons for their behavior by understanding their thoughts and examine the ramifications on themselves, others, and their environment?
• Which statement best describes person-centered therapy?
• Which term describes a technique used by the client to avoid taking responsibility for growth and to avoid staying in the 'now'?
• What is the Miracle Question in counseling?
• Which stage is characterized by imagination and enjoying play-acting adult roles, with a sense of guilt if initiation of activities is not successful?
• Which term denotes living in accordance with one's own values and accepting responsibility for life conditions?
• Which approach focuses on modifying self talk as a core component of cognitive restructuring?
• Stanine scores are based on percentile values.
• Which term is the process of being stuck at a psychosexual development stage?
• Coping Questions are used to identify previously unrecognized coping skills and strengths.
• Which statement best describes formative evaluation?
• Musturbation is the term used to describe rigid thinking characterized by musts, shoulds, and oughts; what type of thinking is this?
• Which term describes the unconscious process that protects the individual from threatening and anxiety-producing feelings, thoughts, and impulses (examples include displacement, denial, repression, and rationalization)?
• Who developed the concept of reality therapy in the 1950s and 1960s?
• Which theory holds that as an individual grows older self-concept changes along with the view of the reality of his/her vocational choice?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the three types of reliability?
• Ego psychology focuses on the development and functioning of the
• Which term is defined as the concept that we create our own life situations, problems and destinies?
• In counseling, which concept involves evaluating whether current behaviors are beneficial or not?
• Reality therapy was originally focused on individual responsibility and later expanded into which theory?
• Which of the following statements is most accurate about the three listed reliability types?
• Which defense mechanism is an ego defense in which a client hides socially unacceptable thoughts or feelings with behavior that is considered appropriate?
• Gestalt therapy emphasizes the here and now and aims to bring together the parts of the personality that are not integrated. It also focuses on the what and how of behavior.
• In therapy, phenomenology prioritizes
• Which term signifies the ability to be responsible for our own destiny and to be accountable for our own actions?
• In psychoanalysis, the client's unwillingness to share feelings or to make changes that would allow progress is known as what?
• Raw Score is defined as the basic score usually obtained by counting the number of correct answers.
• Social Learning Theory is described as:
• Solution-Focused Therapy is best described as a brief approach that concentrates on implementing a picture of how the client will act after solving a problem.
• Which term involves focusing on the present moment in therapy?
• Which concept emphasizes the 'here and now' and unfinished business?
• Which term means the act of becoming aware of differences between verbal and nonverbal expressions, feelings and actions, and thoughts and actions?
• In Erikson's theory, the mature adult's task is to generate and guide the next generation. Which stage is this?
• Humanistic theories stemming from Adlerian aim to accomplish what?
• Which term describes a defense mechanism that involves denying or retracting unacceptable thoughts or impulses?
• Which theory contends that circumstances of society, beyond the control of the individual, contribute to career choice, with the individual's only control being learning to cope with the environment?
• In Adlerian theory, which statement about lifestyle is true?
• Which defense mechanism pushes painful experiences into the unconscious?
• Meaninglessness in logotherapy refers to which of the following?
• Which technique is defined as teaching clients to believe they can control their thoughts and feelings?
• The description 'focus on how the client will act after solving a problem' belongs to which therapy?
• Which term describes the therapist's interest in helping clients want to change their negative lifestyle goals and challenging their basic negative concepts?
• Who developed logotherapy?
• The process of retraining problem behaviors and introducing new behaviors.
• Stanine width is about half a standard deviation.
• Which concept refers to the life tasks—the ongoing work toward a satisfying lifestyle?
• Countertransference refers to
• Gestalt therapy emphasizes which aspect of experience?
• A core assumption of Person-Centered Therapy is that individuals possess internal resources for growth if properly supported. Which option best reflects this?
• What are the four stages of the SIER listening model?
• Which term defines acts performed to gain psychological strength such as physical activity and meditation?
• Norming is defined as the process of obtaining scores from a randomly selected group for comparison to future groups to determine uniform levels of success on the tested information.
• Self-Actualization is defined as the inner growth force leading to development of one's potential and the basis of people being trusted to resolve their own problems in a therapeutic relationship.
• Restricted Existence is defined as
• Labeling and Mislabeling refers to which concept?
• According to the material, what is the most frequent cause of unfinished business delaying present functioning?
• In reality therapy, which practice helps clients take responsibility for their actions?
• Existential therapy centers on which themes?
• Which type of research is conducted to gain knowledge without immediate practical application and is often done in clinical or scientific laboratory settings?
• The process of showing new ways to do something. The therapist can help the client do this by role-playing the type of behavior that is desired. Albert Bandura has done much of the work in this area.
• Which Freudian component is driven by primitive desires and operates on the pleasure principle?
• What does validity measure?
• Which term denotes taking on behaviors learned from others?
• Which term refers to the part of the personality that mediates between instinct and social norms and reality?
• What are major functions of tests in counseling?
• Which theory emphasizes the importance of early emotional bonds between the child and caregiver?
• Adlerians focus on helping clients change their 'basic mistakes' by doing what?
• Borderline Personality Disorder is described as arising from inadequate development in which phase, with instability and impulsive mood?
• Which term is the part of the personality that is ruled by the pleasure principle; center of the instincts, which are largely unconscious?
• What is cognitive restructuring?
• Commitment is defined as which of the following?
• Which term is defined as the experience we have when we realize we are not immortal, that we face constant choices in an uncertain world, and when we realize we are fundamentally alone?
• What term describes the role the therapist takes in person-centered therapy?
• Which expression correctly represents the standard error of measurement?
• Which term is defined as the ideal image one sees oneself becoming, i.e., one's ultimate goal?
• What is the interface or point of contact between an individual and the world around him or her, including other people?
• Which term corresponds to the freedom to choose and act on our choices?
• Displacement is the tendency to direct one’s energy toward another person or object in order to reduce anxiety.
• Which statement best describes a key aim of psychodynamic theories that evolved from psychoanalysis?
• According to Adler, the core of personality is determined by?
• Which concept refers to the ability of the client to realize what they are experiencing in the present moment?
• Which term describes a client's sense of belonging and empathy with the community?
• In RET, the thinking and belief systems of the client are considered the basis for all personal problems.
• Which term is defined as the process of looking to oneself for answers to problems?
• Which term captures the experience of recognizing life's mortality and uncertainty?
• Which best describes Scaling Questions?
• Which concept refers to a coping method used to obtain life satisfaction by identifying what the client prioritizes, helping them see the impact on others?
• Does psychoanalytic therapy focus on the past or present?
• Which term describes the process used in therapy to help clients reach realistic goals by using all their resources, recognizing their positive traits, and transforming negative traits into positive assets?
• Which term describes the attitude toward society and empathy with the larger community?
• Which statement best describes qualitative research?
• WDEP System stands for the identification of wants, the direction of behavior, the evaluation of self, and the plan for change. Which option best represents the WDEP components?
• BASIC ID acronym stands for seven areas of personality functioning. Which of the following is one of those areas?
• Which term denotes the uniqueness and unity of the individual?
• Which layer is the mode of avoiding the emotional pain that comes with recognizing our real selves?
• Which technique involves helping the client invoke exaggerated debilitating thoughts and behaviors to confront resistance and increase awareness of their behavior?
• Which term describes drawing conclusions from an isolated detail of an event?
• Self-instructional training/management emphasizes which of the following elements?
• The process of identifying and understanding the impact of negative behavior and thoughts, and learning to replace them with more realistic actions and beliefs.
• Which term refers to a theory of ego development reflecting different stages of life?
• Norming involves...
• BASIC ID includes seven areas of personality functioning. Which of the following is included?
• Which concept is the mode of fully experiencing deadness or inauthenticity to access the genuine self?
• Which RET technique encourages the individual to do things about which they feel shame without believing they are foolish?
• UPR stands for what in psychotherapy?
• Which term refers to a split in which a person experiences opposing forces?
• Which term refers to the interface between an individual and the world around him or the world including other people?
• Operant Conditioning is a concept from B.F. Skinner that states that behaviors of an active organism are controlled and controllable, even without consequences each time.
• Labeling and Mislabeling describes which issue?
• Which type of research is designed to apply the scientific method to describing and analyzing the past, to understand the present and perhaps predict the future?
• Which term describes the unconscious sexual feelings of a son toward his mother coupled with hostility toward his father?
• Psychosocial Theory describes development as a sequence of stages involving psychosocial crises that influence later behavior.
• Which term describes the negative feeling one has about oneself, which can be real or imagined?
• Positive Reinforcement is defined as:
• Which therapy is nondirective and centers on the client–therapist relationship?
• Which term best describes the defense mechanism involving distraction or inattention that disrupts ongoing contact?
• Abreaction is best described as
• Which term is a technique of the therapist to explain a particular event or behavior?
• Which term describes a natural human condition from which we can derive strength to stand beside others in their own aloneness?
• Which term describes the unconscious sexual feelings toward a parent, typically involving hostility toward the other parent?
• Autonomy is defined as the acceptance of responsibility and taking control of the direction of one's life; a state of which?
• Qualitative research commonly employs which methods?
• Which defense mechanism involves reverting to a less mature stage of development?
• In person-centered therapy, the therapist's role is to act as a what?
• Which therapy is commonly used in schools due to its short-term focus?
• Which therapy uses contracts as part of the treatment plan?
• Which concept is described as turning back to ourselves what we would like to do to others?
• Which theory underpins the concept of id, ego, and superego?
• The part of the personality that determines what is right and wrong and strives to be good is called what?
• Which term describes a positive, nonjudgmental acceptance and caring attitude from the therapist?
• Existential therapy was developed by which pair?
• The key concept in REBT holds that emotional problems arise from irrational beliefs that need to be challenged.
• Which term is the process of getting stuck at a particular stage of psychosexual development?
• In behavior therapy, what is the primary goal?
• Lifestyle is learned from which of the following?
• Which term describes the tendency for individuals to relate events to themselves when there is no basis for this connection?
• Who created Psychoanalytic Theory?
• Who is considered the founder of Gestalt therapy?
• Multimodal Therapy is the process the therapist evokes in making an evaluation of the client's level of functioning at the beginning of the therapy, and subsequently adjusting procedures and techniques to the goals of the client. Arnold Lazarus developed this type of therapy.
• Which concept describes a state of authenticity resulting from self-analysis and accepting who one is?
• Musturbation is the term used by Albert Ellis to describe beliefs grounded in what?
• Which term describes the ability to be true to our own ideas of a meaningful existence and to accept responsibility for the conditions of our lives, a result of the choices we have made?
• What term denotes the point at which a person is stuck in a stage of less than full maturation, often accompanied by deadness or a wish to avoid threatening feelings?
• Which type of research is directed at a specific problem to be solved and is done with the immediate goal of applying the results to that problem?
• Which pair is associated with the development of solution-focused therapy?
• Which stage in young adulthood involves forming deep, committed relationships and openness about the self?
• Which term describes a mutually beneficial relationship between two individuals?
• Negative reinforcement is best described as:
• Who viewed human behavior as primarily the manifestation of biological and instinctive drives, unconscious motivation and irrational forces?
• In middle adulthood, the task is to establish and guide the next generation and reflect on one's contributions. Which stage is this?
• Automatic Thoughts are ideas triggered by a particular event that lead to emotional reactions.
• Which type of research is designed to improve methods of delivering education to enhance the learning process?
• According to which perspective do people of like personalities choose the same types of vocations to satisfy those needs?
• Denial is the distortion of reality to avoid dealing with a particular situation.
• Which term describes the process of helping a client work through irrational beliefs by practicing new behaviors?
• Which technique reduces the usefulness of manipulative behavior by pointing out the manipulation?
• Which technique involves inviting exaggerated thoughts and behaviors to help clients confront resistance and take responsibility for their behavior?
• Which stage occurs in late life and is marked by a sense of fulfillment if ego-integrity is achieved?
• Which technique teaches clients that they can control their thoughts and feelings?
• Which concept refers to turning back to ourselves what we would like to do or have done to others?
• Genuineness and Unconditional Positive Regard differ in that
• Which list includes key figures commonly associated with behaviorism and behavior therapy?
• Which term describes a personality disorder involving grandiosity and need for admiration?
• RET techniques include directed, time-limited, structured approaches for treating depression, anxiety, and phobic behavior. Which disorders are targeted?
• Which statement reflects Adler's view on childhood experiences?
• Which option best describes an Irrational Belief?
• The specific delineation of behavior to be performed, along with the rewards for the performance of these contractual items, the conditions under which these rewards are to be received, and the time limit involved.
• Which layer is described as the mode of releasing the pretenses of phony roles in order to achieve a sense of relief and release?
• Arbitrary inferences are the distorted view of making conclusions without supporting evidence; part of Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy.
• Which stage involves forming close personal relationships and committing to a partner in young adulthood?
• Self-monitoring is defined as:
• A client channels aggressive energy into intense athletic competition, rather than acting on it directly.
• The process of providing the client with verbal responses to behavior changes; the two parts of feedback are encouragement and praise for attempting the behavior change, and specific suggestions for making the behavior change work better.
• Which term describes using all resources and recognizing positive traits to help clients reach realistic goals?
• Distortion of reality refers to which concept?
• Which technique teaches the client to formulate realistic, attainable goals that can be revised if necessary?
• What term refers to the central psychological framework of the client and the lifestyle assumptions that may be flawed?
• Which term means the viewing of a person's personality as a whole?
• Albert Ellis believed that insight into childhood events did not resolve present emotional dysfunction; the past–present connection in psychoanalytic theories was not fully explored. This describes which therapy?
• Which term is described as an all or nothing cognitive error with no middle ground?
• What term refers to the drive that propels a person's behavior and psychological functioning?
• Which concept describes disowning parts of ourselves by blaming them on the environment?
• In psychodynamic terms, anxiety is the result of repressing threatening thoughts or feelings.
• What term did Adler use to name his approach?
• What is the purpose of an exception-seeking question in therapy?
• Which term describes the state of self-esteem needed to fulfill behaviors deemed necessary for attaining a more satisfying life?
• Involvement is described as the role of the therapist with the client in reality therapy, a vital part of establishing a relationship with the client.
• Which statement best describes Reliability in testing?
• Which term is defined as providing clients with general principles of how to make effective behavioral changes?
• Reality Therapy focuses on which core elements?
• Which term describes the freedom to shape one's life and bear the consequences of those choices?
• Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable qualities to others?
• Which statement best describes single-subject experimental research?
• Which therapy is described as future-oriented, describing how clients will behave after problems are resolved?
• Which concept is the blend of all our activities that forms our personality and the person we have become?
• Which reliability-related option lists the three types of reliability exactly as stated in the material?
• During adolescence, the major task is to resolve identity and experiment with beliefs and lifestyle; unresolved tasks may recur. Which stage is this?
• Technical eclecticism refers to:
• Which cognitive-behavior modification technique aims to give the client coping tools to restructure thoughts that lead to stress and to rehearse behavior changes?
• Which technique is aimed at giving the client coping tools to restructure thoughts leading to stress and to rehearse the behavior changes in order to solve emotional problems?
• Which movement emphasizes freedom, growth, self-actualization and creativity?
• Which term is a philosophical movement that stresses individual responsibility for creating one's own ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling?
• Which therapy is described as quick, effective, and action-oriented?
• Which theory combines elements of societal circumstance and personality theories into a classification system that observes the relationship between individuals in the environment and their behavior?
• Which cognitive behavior modification approach is designed to help clients reduce irrational beliefs by changing their internal dialogue, as developed by Donald Meichenbaum?
• WDEP stands for Wants, Direction of Behavior, Evaluation of Self, and Plan for Change. This framework is associated with which therapeutic approach?
• Which description matches a single-subject design?
• What is a central focus of solution-focused therapy?
• Self-instructional training/management focuses on:
• In Rational Emotive Therapy, what is the recommended approach to counter irrational thoughts?
• Which term concerns a sense of emptiness due to a meaningless lifestyle?
• Which term describes the blend of the sum of all our activities that forms our personality and the person we have become?
• Is a logical and systematic way of answering the question 'If this is done under carefully controlled conditions, what will happen?' This type of research is complicated and does not lend itself easily to the counselor using it in a school setting.
• The movement in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s that opposed psychoanalysis is best described as which paradigm?
• Which therapy is characterized by a focus on the present and the use of goal-setting and contracts?
• In this work, analysis of the relationships between non-controllable variables and the development of generalizations based on these non-controllable variables is the goal. The formation of generalizations can lead to false results.
• Which approach aims to eliminate negative learned behaviors by teaching new, more effective ways of dealing with triggering situations?
• Solution-focused therapy was initially developed by de Shazer and Berg; which statement best describes it?
• Which term describes the act of creating one's own life situations and destinies?
• Reality therapy is built around which core components?
• Early recollections are used as clues to understand which aspect?
• Which term describes anxiety arising from a mismatch between self-concept and experiences?
• Which term describes the manifestation of pain symptoms to refocus the problem on symptoms rather than behavior?
• Which term is the technique of permitting the client to say whatever comes to mind without censor?
• Which is NOT one of the four phases of Adlerian therapy?
• According to Adler, lifestyle is set by age in childhood by which age?
• Which term refers to the necessary conditions of the therapeutic relationship that enable client change, including therapist congruence, unconditional positive regard, and accurate empathic understanding?