In Erikson's theory, which stage corresponds to elementary and middle school years and emphasizes developing competence through accomplishments, with possible feelings of inferiority?

In Erikson's theory, which stage corresponds to elementary and middle school years and emphasizes developing competence through accomplishments, with possible feelings of inferiority?

• A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
• B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt
• D. Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer: (D)

In the school-age years, children focus on mastering new skills and tasks at school, in sports, and in social settings. This is the period where a sense of industry develops: they gain confidence by showing they can accomplish goals, complete projects, and persist through challenges. When they experience success, they build a positive belief in their ability to work hard and learn. If difficulties persist or feedback is negative without sufficient support, they may develop feelings of inferiority, doubting their competence and feeling less capable than their peers. This spans roughly ages 6 to 12 and sits between earlier stages focused on autonomy and initiative and the adolescent focus on identity. The stage described is industry versus inferiority.

In the school-age years, children focus on mastering new skills and tasks at school, in sports, and in social settings. This is the period where a sense of industry develops: they gain confidence by showing they can accomplish goals, complete projects, and persist through challenges. When they experience success, they build a positive belief in their ability to work hard and learn. If difficulties persist or feedback is negative without sufficient support, they may develop feelings of inferiority, doubting their competence and feeling less capable than their peers. This spans roughly ages 6 to 12 and sits between earlier stages focused on autonomy and initiative and the adolescent focus on identity. The stage described is industry versus inferiority.